小蘇打一(yi)般(ban)指碳酸(suan)氫(qing)鈉(na)，碳酸(suan)氫(qing)鈉(na)（sodium bicarbonate），分子式為NaHCO3，是一(yi)種無機(ji)鹽，呈白色結晶性(xing)粉(fen)末，無臭，味堿，易(yi)溶于水(shui)。在潮(chao)濕空氣(qi)或熱(re)空氣(qi)中即緩慢(man)分解，產生二(er)氧化碳，加熱(re)至270℃完全分解。

碳酸(suan)氫鈉(na)為白色晶體，或不透明單斜晶系細微(wei)結(jie)晶。比重2.15。無(wu)臭、味(wei)咸，可溶(rong)于(yu)(yu)水(shui)，，微(wei)溶(rong)于(yu)(yu)乙醇。25℃時(shi)溶(rong)于(yu)(yu)10份水(shui)，約18℃時(shi)溶(rong)于(yu)(yu)12份水(shui)。其水(shui)溶(rong)液因水(shui)解而(er)呈(cheng)微(wei)堿性，常溫中(zhong)性質穩定，受熱易(yi)分(fen)解，在(zai)50℃以上逐漸分(fen)解，在(zai)440℃時(shi)完全失(shi)去(qu)二氧化碳，在(zai)干燥空氣中(zhong)無(wu)變化，在(zai)潮濕空氣中(zhong)緩慢分(fen)解。

碳(tan)(tan)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)氫鈉(na)（NaHCO3）（Sodium Bicarbonate），俗稱小(xiao)蘇打。白(bai)色(se)細小(xiao)晶(jing)體，在水中(zhong)的溶解(jie)(jie)度小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)碳(tan)(tan)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鈉(na)。它也是一種工(gong)業用化學(xue)品，低毒(du)。固(gu)體50℃以上開始逐漸分解(jie)(jie)生成碳(tan)(tan)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鈉(na)、二氧化碳(tan)(tan)和水，440℃時完(wan)全分解(jie)(jie)。碳(tan)(tan)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)氫鈉(na)是強堿與弱酸(suan)(suan)(suan)中(zhong)和后生成的酸(suan)(suan)(suan)式鹽，溶于(yu)(yu)水時呈現(xian)弱堿性。此特(te)性可使(shi)其作(zuo)為食品制作(zuo)過程中(zhong)的膨松劑。碳(tan)(tan)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)氫鈉(na)在作(zuo)用后會殘留(liu)碳(tan)(tan)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鈉(na)，使(shi)用過多會使(shi)成品有堿味。

中文名：碳酸(suan)氫(qing)鈉(na)

英文(wen)名：Natrium Bicarbonate

別   稱：小蘇打，重(zhong)碳酸鈉，酸式碳酸鈉

化(hua)學(xue)式：NaHCO3

分子量(liang)：84.01

CAS：144-55-8

EINECS：205-633-8

熔   點(dian)：270℃（分解(jie)）

水溶性：7.8g/100ml，18℃

密    度：2.16 g/cm3 （固體）

外   ; 觀：白色粉(fen)末或單斜(xie)晶(jing)(jing)結(jie)晶(jing)(jing)性粉(fen)末

【小(xiao)蘇打的用途(tu)】

碳(tan)酸(suan)氫(qing)鈉可(ke)直(zhi)接(jie)作為制(zhi)藥(yao)(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業的(de)(de)原料，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)治療胃酸(suan)過(guo)多。還(huan)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)電(dian)影制(zhi)片、鞣革、選礦、冶煉、金(jin)屬熱處理，以(yi)及用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)纖維(wei)、橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業等。同(tong)時(shi)用(yong)(yong)作羊(yang)毛的(de)(de)洗滌劑，以(yi)及用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)農(nong)業浸種等。 食品工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業中(zhong)(zhong)一種應用(yong)(yong)最廣泛的(de)(de)疏松(song)及，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)餅(bing)干、糕點、饅頭、面包等，是汽水(shui)飲料中(zhong)(zhong)二氧化(hua)碳(tan)的(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)劑；可(ke)與明礬復合為堿性(xing)發酵粉，也可(ke)與純堿復合為民(min)用(yong)(yong)石(shi)堿；還(huan)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)作黃(huang)油保存(cun)劑。消防器材中(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)酸(suan)堿滅(mie)火(huo)機(ji)(ji)和泡沫滅(mie)火(huo)機(ji)(ji)。橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業利用(yong)(yong)其與明礬、H發孔劑配合起均勻發孔的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)、海(hai)棉(mian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)。冶金(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業用(yong)(yong)作澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)錠的(de)(de)助溶劑。機(ji)(ji)械工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業用(yong)(yong)作鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)(翻(fan)砂(sha))砂(sha)型(xing)的(de)(de)成(cheng)型(xing)助劑。印染(ran)(ran)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業用(yong)(yong)作染(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)印花的(de)(de)固(gu)色(se)(se)劑，酸(suan)堿緩沖(chong)劑，織物染(ran)(ran)整的(de)(de)后方處理劑。染(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)中(zhong)(zhong)加入小蘇打(da)可(ke)以(yi)防止紗筒產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)色(se)(se)花。醫藥(yao)(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業用(yong)(yong)作制(zhi)酸(suan)劑的(de)(de)原料。